Immi95
02-17 10:04 AM
Hello?
In Mid 2007, 7th year of H-1B transfer & extension was filed, and was no problem as I had an approved ETA-750 with ex-employer, but it was expired soon as the sponsor�s (ex-employer) company was closed at the end of 2007.
The 7th year approval period was 12/11/2007 ~ 12/10/2008 with the current employer.
I filed another labor certification (ETA-9089) on 10/23/2007 which was sponsored by my current employer, and it has not been approved yet.
Using this ETA-9089 pending more than 365 days, I filed an I-129 extension for 8th year of H1B last November 2008, but INS sent "Request For additional Evidence Sent" letter which was saying to be provided �An evidence of pending / being processed for more than 365 days of labor certification or I-140 prior to 6 year expired of H-1B�. we just realized that a memo was posted regarding this on 05/30/2008.
As I don�t have this evidence... Please advise or recommend me...
In Mid 2007, 7th year of H-1B transfer & extension was filed, and was no problem as I had an approved ETA-750 with ex-employer, but it was expired soon as the sponsor�s (ex-employer) company was closed at the end of 2007.
The 7th year approval period was 12/11/2007 ~ 12/10/2008 with the current employer.
I filed another labor certification (ETA-9089) on 10/23/2007 which was sponsored by my current employer, and it has not been approved yet.
Using this ETA-9089 pending more than 365 days, I filed an I-129 extension for 8th year of H1B last November 2008, but INS sent "Request For additional Evidence Sent" letter which was saying to be provided �An evidence of pending / being processed for more than 365 days of labor certification or I-140 prior to 6 year expired of H-1B�. we just realized that a memo was posted regarding this on 05/30/2008.
As I don�t have this evidence... Please advise or recommend me...
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v_panneert
04-07 05:32 AM
Hi,
I am a Indian. I got the L1 VISA on Mar-2008 and it is valid till Mar-2011. I have been to US with this VISA for 8 months during 2008. After returning from US, i have lost my I-129 and I-797 forms. I have the chance to goto US with same VISA but i donot have I-129 and I-797 forms.
Please let me know is it possible to get the papers back? I have enquired with my employer and they are saying that, it is very difficult to get the papers for the VISA which was issued 2 years back. Even, I donot have copies of I-129 and I-797.
Please advise me on this issue.
I am a Indian. I got the L1 VISA on Mar-2008 and it is valid till Mar-2011. I have been to US with this VISA for 8 months during 2008. After returning from US, i have lost my I-129 and I-797 forms. I have the chance to goto US with same VISA but i donot have I-129 and I-797 forms.
Please let me know is it possible to get the papers back? I have enquired with my employer and they are saying that, it is very difficult to get the papers for the VISA which was issued 2 years back. Even, I donot have copies of I-129 and I-797.
Please advise me on this issue.
deecha
03-05 12:02 AM
Yes.
Hi,
I currently am on F1 Visa- OPT valid till June 2011.
My employer will file for H1 this April.
If my H1 is rejected for any reason, will I be eligible to work on F1 - OPT visa?
Thanks
Santosh
Hi,
I currently am on F1 Visa- OPT valid till June 2011.
My employer will file for H1 this April.
If my H1 is rejected for any reason, will I be eligible to work on F1 - OPT visa?
Thanks
Santosh
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gonecrazyonh4
04-08 07:46 PM
Is it possible to change employer when you are in the 7th year of H1B ?
Is it possible to have the new employer file PERM for you while you are with current employer?
Is it possible to have 2 PERMS from 2 Employers for the same person. Please let me know any information you might have on this topic.
Is it possible to have the new employer file PERM for you while you are with current employer?
Is it possible to have 2 PERMS from 2 Employers for the same person. Please let me know any information you might have on this topic.
more...
sri1973
11-18 07:52 PM
Hi All,
We [Me(applicant) and my Wife(H4)] finally received our EAD's last week from NSC :> I have 2 questions:
1. Can i work part time.....apart from my 8 to 5 job based on my EAD. If yes, does the part time job need to be related or similar to my 8 to 5 job?
2. We had our FP done before we got our EAD's. Do we have to go back for additional FP after receiving EAD's? Anybody with similar situation?
Appreciate everyone's time.
We [Me(applicant) and my Wife(H4)] finally received our EAD's last week from NSC :> I have 2 questions:
1. Can i work part time.....apart from my 8 to 5 job based on my EAD. If yes, does the part time job need to be related or similar to my 8 to 5 job?
2. We had our FP done before we got our EAD's. Do we have to go back for additional FP after receiving EAD's? Anybody with similar situation?
Appreciate everyone's time.
Macaca
07-29 06:03 PM
Bet on India (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/28/AR2007072800999.html) The Bush administration presses forward with a nuclear agreement -- and hopes for a strategic partnership. July 29, 2007
IN LARGE PART, modern U.S. nuclear nonproliferation policy began with India. India received U.S. aid under the "Atoms for Peace" program of the early Cold War era -- only to lose its U.S. fuel supply because India, which had refused to sign the 1968 nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), exploded a nuclear "device" in 1974. Decades of U.S. noncooperation with India's civilian atomic energy program were intended to teach India, and the world, a lesson: You will not prosper if you go nuclear outside the system of international safeguards.
Friday marked another step toward the end of that policy -- also with India. The Bush administration and New Delhi announced the principles by which the United States will resume sales of civilian nuclear fuel and technology to India, as promised by President Bush in July 2005. The fine print of the agreement, which must still be approved by the 45-nation Nuclear Suppliers Group and by Congress, has not yet been released. But the big picture is clear: The administration is betting that the benefits to the United States and the world of a "strategic partnership" with India outweigh the risks of a giant exception to the old rules of the nonproliferation game.
There are good reasons to make the bet. India is a booming democracy of more than 1 billion people, clearly destined to play a growing role on the world stage. It can help the United States as a trading partner and as a strategic counterweight to China and Islamic extremists. If India uses more nuclear energy, it will emit less greenhouse gas. Perhaps most important, India has developed its own nuclear arsenal without selling materials or know-how to other potentially dangerous states. This is more than can be said for Pakistan, home of the notorious A.Q. Khan nuclear network.
You can call this a double standard, as some of the agreement's critics do: one set of rules for countries we like, another for those we don't. Or you can call it realism: The agreement provides for more international supervision of India's nuclear fuel cycle than there would be without it. For example, it allows India to reprocess atomic fuel but at a new facility under International Atomic Energy Agency supervision, to protect against its diversion into weapons. The case for admitting India to the nuclear club is based on the plausible notion that the political character of a nuclear-armed state can be as important, or more important, than its signature on the NPT. North Korea, a Stalinist dictatorship, went nuclear while a member of the NPT; the Islamic Republic of Iran appears headed down the same road. Yet India's democratic system and its manifest interest in joining the global free-market economy suggest that it will behave responsibly.
Or so it must be hoped. The few details of the agreement released Friday suggest that it is very favorable to India indeed, while skating close to the edge of U.S. law. For example, the United States committed to helping India accumulate a nuclear fuel stockpile, thus insulating New Delhi against the threat, provided for by U.S. law, of a supply cutoff in the unlikely event that India resumes weapons testing. Congress is also asking appropriate questions about India's military-to-military contacts with Iran and about New Delhi's stubborn habit of attending meetings of "non-aligned" countries at which Cuba, Venezuela and others bash the United States. As Congress considers this deal, India might well focus on what it can do to show that it, too, thinks of the new strategic partnership with Washington as a two-way street.
IN LARGE PART, modern U.S. nuclear nonproliferation policy began with India. India received U.S. aid under the "Atoms for Peace" program of the early Cold War era -- only to lose its U.S. fuel supply because India, which had refused to sign the 1968 nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), exploded a nuclear "device" in 1974. Decades of U.S. noncooperation with India's civilian atomic energy program were intended to teach India, and the world, a lesson: You will not prosper if you go nuclear outside the system of international safeguards.
Friday marked another step toward the end of that policy -- also with India. The Bush administration and New Delhi announced the principles by which the United States will resume sales of civilian nuclear fuel and technology to India, as promised by President Bush in July 2005. The fine print of the agreement, which must still be approved by the 45-nation Nuclear Suppliers Group and by Congress, has not yet been released. But the big picture is clear: The administration is betting that the benefits to the United States and the world of a "strategic partnership" with India outweigh the risks of a giant exception to the old rules of the nonproliferation game.
There are good reasons to make the bet. India is a booming democracy of more than 1 billion people, clearly destined to play a growing role on the world stage. It can help the United States as a trading partner and as a strategic counterweight to China and Islamic extremists. If India uses more nuclear energy, it will emit less greenhouse gas. Perhaps most important, India has developed its own nuclear arsenal without selling materials or know-how to other potentially dangerous states. This is more than can be said for Pakistan, home of the notorious A.Q. Khan nuclear network.
You can call this a double standard, as some of the agreement's critics do: one set of rules for countries we like, another for those we don't. Or you can call it realism: The agreement provides for more international supervision of India's nuclear fuel cycle than there would be without it. For example, it allows India to reprocess atomic fuel but at a new facility under International Atomic Energy Agency supervision, to protect against its diversion into weapons. The case for admitting India to the nuclear club is based on the plausible notion that the political character of a nuclear-armed state can be as important, or more important, than its signature on the NPT. North Korea, a Stalinist dictatorship, went nuclear while a member of the NPT; the Islamic Republic of Iran appears headed down the same road. Yet India's democratic system and its manifest interest in joining the global free-market economy suggest that it will behave responsibly.
Or so it must be hoped. The few details of the agreement released Friday suggest that it is very favorable to India indeed, while skating close to the edge of U.S. law. For example, the United States committed to helping India accumulate a nuclear fuel stockpile, thus insulating New Delhi against the threat, provided for by U.S. law, of a supply cutoff in the unlikely event that India resumes weapons testing. Congress is also asking appropriate questions about India's military-to-military contacts with Iran and about New Delhi's stubborn habit of attending meetings of "non-aligned" countries at which Cuba, Venezuela and others bash the United States. As Congress considers this deal, India might well focus on what it can do to show that it, too, thinks of the new strategic partnership with Washington as a two-way street.
more...
singhv_1980
01-19 11:38 AM
I do not think so. I believe these are two separate issues and should not have any effect on the chances of your frnd securing visa.
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GCNirvana007
09-10 11:09 AM
Does anyone know about the timeframe for this?
more...
Blog Feeds
12-21 07:10 AM
With regard to export compliance, the new Form I-129 includes a new Part 6, entitled �Certification Regarding the Release of Controlled Technology or Technical Data to Foreign Persons in the United States� which requires petitioners that seek to employ foreign nationals in H, L, and O nonimmigrant visa status to certify that the company (i) has reviewed the Export Administration Regulations (�EAR�) and the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (�ITAR�), and (ii) made a determination as to whether or not an export control license is required to release any controlled technology or technical data to the foreign national.
More... (http://blogs.ilw.com/h1bvisablog/2010/12/h-1b-petitioners-beware-new-affirmation-requirement-regarding-release-of-controlled-technology-or-technical-data-to-foreign.html)
More... (http://blogs.ilw.com/h1bvisablog/2010/12/h-1b-petitioners-beware-new-affirmation-requirement-regarding-release-of-controlled-technology-or-technical-data-to-foreign.html)
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usr2004
01-24 05:47 PM
I need to apply for AP.
I am in I-485 pending status. Could some one give clarification for the following questions on I-131 doc.
Part I. Information about you
3. Class of admission (is this correct?)
Ex: H1B/H4
Part 3. Processing Information
4. Have you ever been issued a reentry pertmit or Refugee Travel document?
I am in AOS status(I-485 pending). I got twice Travel Document (AP) approved so for.
There is no mention of AP in this question. what should I answer for this question.
I am also applying AP for my family members. Do I need file G-28 for my family members(Is it only for Attorney representation)
Thank You
I am in I-485 pending status. Could some one give clarification for the following questions on I-131 doc.
Part I. Information about you
3. Class of admission (is this correct?)
Ex: H1B/H4
Part 3. Processing Information
4. Have you ever been issued a reentry pertmit or Refugee Travel document?
I am in AOS status(I-485 pending). I got twice Travel Document (AP) approved so for.
There is no mention of AP in this question. what should I answer for this question.
I am also applying AP for my family members. Do I need file G-28 for my family members(Is it only for Attorney representation)
Thank You
more...
sujijag
06-05 01:29 AM
I work for Employer A (who holds my H1) and I have an approved I-140 from Employer B, I-485 pending. Am due for H1B renewal this Dec, can I use my I-140 Approval (done from Employer B) to get 3 year extension when Employer A applies ?
Any Legal opinions will be appreciated.
Thanks in advance !
Any Legal opinions will be appreciated.
Thanks in advance !
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indianabacklog
08-01 10:31 AM
Has anyone who filed in June and at NSC recieved any approvals for EAD/AP ?
We see TSC sending all these approvals..!!!
Please post here and we can track'em as they come.
Thanks
Have not received EAD approval for case filed in Texas in May, where are all these approvals from June??????????????
We see TSC sending all these approvals..!!!
Please post here and we can track'em as they come.
Thanks
Have not received EAD approval for case filed in Texas in May, where are all these approvals from June??????????????
more...
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desi3933
06-18 03:17 PM
Hi,
If the labor from BEC gets approved and subsequent I140 as well, is it possible to request only the priority date change for the I485?
Not refering to replace the I140. IS IT POSSIBLE TO JUST REQUEST THE PRIORITY DATE?
Yes.
Please check and verify details with your attorney/lawyer. This is NOT a legal advice.
----------------------------------
Permanent Resident since May 2002
If the labor from BEC gets approved and subsequent I140 as well, is it possible to request only the priority date change for the I485?
Not refering to replace the I140. IS IT POSSIBLE TO JUST REQUEST THE PRIORITY DATE?
Yes.
Please check and verify details with your attorney/lawyer. This is NOT a legal advice.
----------------------------------
Permanent Resident since May 2002
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belmontboy
04-24 07:53 PM
Hi guys,
I know lobbying takes money, but i am not sure how much we need.
I see lots of emails about funding going around, but i am not getting any idea of how much exactly is needed.
Can the admins post a funding drive! and set some target - say, "100000$ funding drive". If we have a target, we can pitch in money and try to meet that. If we fall short, we know how much we need more, so that people can make extra contributions.
Once again, this is just my random thoughts.
I know lobbying takes money, but i am not sure how much we need.
I see lots of emails about funding going around, but i am not getting any idea of how much exactly is needed.
Can the admins post a funding drive! and set some target - say, "100000$ funding drive". If we have a target, we can pitch in money and try to meet that. If we fall short, we know how much we need more, so that people can make extra contributions.
Once again, this is just my random thoughts.
more...
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badluck
07-23 02:13 PM
Not yet....take my money...USCIS
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DAGGSREE
07-31 04:05 PM
All
I need your help to come to a conclusion on my issue.
1) I am on L1-b now in USA and working on company A
2) company B filed me and H1B as consulate process(means i have to get
stamped to start working for them)
Recently company B filed me labor+ I-140 mentioning as future employment and they are planning to file I 485 also now(since we have current dates)
Now I am planning to quit company A for who i am working on L1 and want to go for stamping to join company B who will be filing 485 for me. I have plans to travel to canada for stamping on August last week (after 485 filing).
Do we have any issues to get the stamping for new company who filed my 485
any help is greatly appriciated.
thanks
sree
I need your help to come to a conclusion on my issue.
1) I am on L1-b now in USA and working on company A
2) company B filed me and H1B as consulate process(means i have to get
stamped to start working for them)
Recently company B filed me labor+ I-140 mentioning as future employment and they are planning to file I 485 also now(since we have current dates)
Now I am planning to quit company A for who i am working on L1 and want to go for stamping to join company B who will be filing 485 for me. I have plans to travel to canada for stamping on August last week (after 485 filing).
Do we have any issues to get the stamping for new company who filed my 485
any help is greatly appriciated.
thanks
sree
more...
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factoryman
02-08 09:16 PM
will anything be left even to discuss?
Guys. Is this 7% country limit a hard or soft one ?. Assuming 1,40,000 total immigrant visas, India would get 7% of it and that is 9800. Then you have the preference category. Assuming there are unused immigrant visas from other countries, how do they get allocated ?. Does anyone has clear idea ?.
Guys. Is this 7% country limit a hard or soft one ?. Assuming 1,40,000 total immigrant visas, India would get 7% of it and that is 9800. Then you have the preference category. Assuming there are unused immigrant visas from other countries, how do they get allocated ?. Does anyone has clear idea ?.
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Tina73
01-23 02:11 AM
Hi,
I am GC holder & right now I am living out side USA with my husbad whom I am married for more than 8 yrs. I have 2 kids, they are US citizen. I visit my parents (US Citizen) every year to US for couple of months & come back. In past my husband tried for US visitor visa few times but he was denied. Is there any way I can apply for my husnad a non immigrant VISA from US for a visit? As we would not like to migrate to US but just to visit there. Is there any way or I have to apply for him immigrant visa only & wait for 5-7 yrs.?
Please guide.
Thanks.
I am GC holder & right now I am living out side USA with my husbad whom I am married for more than 8 yrs. I have 2 kids, they are US citizen. I visit my parents (US Citizen) every year to US for couple of months & come back. In past my husband tried for US visitor visa few times but he was denied. Is there any way I can apply for my husnad a non immigrant VISA from US for a visit? As we would not like to migrate to US but just to visit there. Is there any way or I have to apply for him immigrant visa only & wait for 5-7 yrs.?
Please guide.
Thanks.
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JazzByTheBay
07-10 05:19 PM
Don't recollect seeing it here, so at the risk of getting brickbats if it's appeared here already:
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/07/opinion/07sat1.html?ex=1341460800&en=26bbfa1cf3858a3b&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink
jazz
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/07/opinion/07sat1.html?ex=1341460800&en=26bbfa1cf3858a3b&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink
jazz
Macaca
02-17 04:49 PM
From Tying It All Together: Learn about the Legislative Process (http://www.house.gov/house/Tying_it_all.shtml).
The chief function of Congress is the making of laws. The legislative process comprises a number of steps. A very brief overview of the legislative process within the House of Representatives is presented below. There are many aspects and variations of the process which are not addressed here. A much more in-depth discussion and presentation of the overall process is available in How Our Laws Are Made (http://thomas.loc.gov/home/lawsmade.toc.html). Most of the information presented below was excerpted from that Congressional document.
Forms of Congressional Action
The work of Congress is initiated by the introduction of a proposal in one of four principal forms: the bill, the joint resolution, the concurrent resolution, and the simple resolution.
Bills
A bill is the form used for most legislation, whether permanent or temporary, general or special, public or private. A bill originating in the House of Representatives is designated by the letters "H.R.", signifying "House of Representatives", followed by a number that it retains throughout all its parliamentary stages. Bills are presented to the President for action when approved in identical form by both the House of Representatives and the Senate.
Joint Resolutions
Joint resolutions may originate either in the House of Representatives or in the Senate. There is little practical difference between a bill and a joint resolution. Both are subject to the same procedure, except for a joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution. On approval of such a resolution by two-thirds of both the House and Senate, it is sent directly to the Administrator of General Services for submission to the individual states for ratification. It is not presented to the President for approval. A joint resolution originating in the House of Representatives is designated "H.J.Res." followed by its individual number. Joint resolutions become law in the same manner as bills.
Concurrent Resolutions
Matters affecting the operations of both the House of Representatives and Senate are usually initiated by means of concurrent resolutions. A concurrent resolution originating in the House of Representatives is designated "H.Con.Res." followed by its individual number. On approval by both the House of Representatives and Senate, they are signed by the Clerk of the House and the Secretary of the Senate. They are not presented to the President for action.
Simple Resolutions
A matter concerning the operation of either the House of Representatives or Senate alone is initiated by a simple resolution. A resolution affecting the House of Representatives is designated "H.Res." followed by its number. They are not presented to the President for action.
For more information on bills and resolutions see Forms of Congressional Action (http://thomas.loc.gov/home/lawsmade.bysec/formsofaction.html) in How Our Laws Are Made.
Introduction and Referral to Committee
Any Member in the House of Representatives may introduce a bill at any time while the House is in session by simply placing it in the "hopper" provided for the purpose at the side of the Clerk's desk in the House Chamber. The sponsor's signature must appear on the bill. A public bill may have an unlimited number of co-sponsoring Members. The bill is assigned its legislative number by the Clerk and referred to the appropriate committee by the Speaker, with the assistance of the Parliamentarian. The bill is then printed in its introduced form, which you can read in Bill Text (http://thomas.loc.gov/home/c110query.html). If a bill was introduced today, summary information about it can be found in Bill Status Today (http://thomas.loc.gov/bss/d110query.html).
An important phase of the legislative process is the action taken by committees. It is during committee action that the most intense consideration is given to the proposed measures; this is also the time when the people are given their opportunity to be heard. Each piece of legislation is referred to the committee that has jurisdiction over the area affected by the measure.
For more information on this step of the legislative process see Introduction and Reference to Committee (http://thomas.loc.gov/home/lawsmade.bysec/introtocomm.html) of How Our Laws Are Made.
Consideration by Committee
Public Hearings and Markup Sessions
Usually the first step in this process is a public hearing, where the committee members hear witnesses representing various viewpoints on the measure. Each committee makes public the date, place and subject of any hearing it conducts. The Committee Meetings (http://www.house.gov/daily/comlist.html) scheduled for today are available along with other House Schedules (http://www.house.gov/house/floor/thisweek.htm). Public announcements are also published in the Daily Digest portion of the Congressional Record (http://thomas.loc.gov/home/r110query.html).
A transcript of the testimony taken at a hearing is made available for inspection in the committee office, and frequently the complete transcript is printed and distributed by the committee.
After hearings are completed, the bill is considered in a session that is popularly known as the "mark-up" session. Members of the committee study the viewpoints presented in detail. Amendments may be offered to the bill, and the committee members vote to accept or reject these changes.
This process can take place at either the subcommittee level or the full committee level, or at both. Hearings and markup sessions are status steps noted in the Legislative Action portion of Bill Status (http://thomas.loc.gov/bss/d110query.html).
Committee Action
At the conclusion of deliberation, a vote of committee or subcommittee Members is taken to determine what action to take on the measure. It can be reported, with or without amendment, or tabled, which means no further action on it will occur. If the committee has approved extensive amendments, they may decide to report a new bill incorporating all the amendments. This is known as a "clean bill," which will have a new number. Votes in committee can be found in Committee Votes.
If the committee votes to report a bill, the Committee Report (http://thomas.loc.gov/cp110/cp110query.html) is written. This report describes the purpose and scope of the measure and the reasons for recommended approval. House Report numbers are prefixed with "H.Rpt." and then a number indicating the Congress (currently 107).
For more information on bills and resolutions see Consideration by Committee (http://thomas.loc.gov/home/lawsmade.bysec/considbycomm.html) in How Our Laws Are Made.
House Floor Consideration
Consideration of a measure by the full House can be a simple or very complex operation. In general a measure is ready for consideration by the full House after it has been reported by a committee. Under certain circumstances, it may be brought to the Floor directly.
The consideration of a measure may be governed by a "rule." A rule is itself a simple resolution, which must be passed by the House, that sets out the particulars of debate for a specific bill�how much time will allowed for debate, whether amendments can be offered, and other matters.
Debate time for a measure is normally divided between proponents and opponents. Each side yields time to those Members who wish to speak on the bill. When amendments are offered, these are also debated and voted upon. If the House is in session today, you can see a summary of Current House Floor Proceedings (http://clerk.house.gov/floorsummary/floor.html).
After all debate is concluded and amendments decided upon, the House is ready to vote on final passage. In some cases, a vote to "recommit" the bill to committee is requested. This is usually an effort by opponents to change some portion or table the measure. If the attempt to recommit fails, a vote on final passage is ordered.
Resolving Differences
After a measure passes in the House, it goes to the Senate for consideration. A bill must pass both bodies in the same form before it can be presented to the President for signature into law.
If the Senate changes the language of the measure, it must return to the House for concurrence or additional changes. This back-and-forth negotiation may occur on the House floor, with the House accepting or rejecting Senate amendments or complete Senate text. Often a conference committee will be appointed with both House and Senate members. This group will resolve the differences in committee and report the identical measure back to both bodies for a vote. Conference committees also issue reports outlining the final version of the bill.
Final Step
Votes on final passage, as well as all other votes in the House, may be taken by the electronic voting system which registers each individual Member's response. These votes are referred to as Yea/Nay votes or recorded votes, and are available in House Votes by Bill number, roll call vote number or words describing the reason for the vote.
Votes in the House may also be by voice vote, and no record of individual responses is available.
After a measure has been passed in identical form by both the House and Senate, it is considered "enrolled." It is sent to the President who may sign the measure into law, veto it and return it to Congress, let it become law without signature, or at the end of a session, pocket-veto it.
The chief function of Congress is the making of laws. The legislative process comprises a number of steps. A very brief overview of the legislative process within the House of Representatives is presented below. There are many aspects and variations of the process which are not addressed here. A much more in-depth discussion and presentation of the overall process is available in How Our Laws Are Made (http://thomas.loc.gov/home/lawsmade.toc.html). Most of the information presented below was excerpted from that Congressional document.
Forms of Congressional Action
The work of Congress is initiated by the introduction of a proposal in one of four principal forms: the bill, the joint resolution, the concurrent resolution, and the simple resolution.
Bills
A bill is the form used for most legislation, whether permanent or temporary, general or special, public or private. A bill originating in the House of Representatives is designated by the letters "H.R.", signifying "House of Representatives", followed by a number that it retains throughout all its parliamentary stages. Bills are presented to the President for action when approved in identical form by both the House of Representatives and the Senate.
Joint Resolutions
Joint resolutions may originate either in the House of Representatives or in the Senate. There is little practical difference between a bill and a joint resolution. Both are subject to the same procedure, except for a joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution. On approval of such a resolution by two-thirds of both the House and Senate, it is sent directly to the Administrator of General Services for submission to the individual states for ratification. It is not presented to the President for approval. A joint resolution originating in the House of Representatives is designated "H.J.Res." followed by its individual number. Joint resolutions become law in the same manner as bills.
Concurrent Resolutions
Matters affecting the operations of both the House of Representatives and Senate are usually initiated by means of concurrent resolutions. A concurrent resolution originating in the House of Representatives is designated "H.Con.Res." followed by its individual number. On approval by both the House of Representatives and Senate, they are signed by the Clerk of the House and the Secretary of the Senate. They are not presented to the President for action.
Simple Resolutions
A matter concerning the operation of either the House of Representatives or Senate alone is initiated by a simple resolution. A resolution affecting the House of Representatives is designated "H.Res." followed by its number. They are not presented to the President for action.
For more information on bills and resolutions see Forms of Congressional Action (http://thomas.loc.gov/home/lawsmade.bysec/formsofaction.html) in How Our Laws Are Made.
Introduction and Referral to Committee
Any Member in the House of Representatives may introduce a bill at any time while the House is in session by simply placing it in the "hopper" provided for the purpose at the side of the Clerk's desk in the House Chamber. The sponsor's signature must appear on the bill. A public bill may have an unlimited number of co-sponsoring Members. The bill is assigned its legislative number by the Clerk and referred to the appropriate committee by the Speaker, with the assistance of the Parliamentarian. The bill is then printed in its introduced form, which you can read in Bill Text (http://thomas.loc.gov/home/c110query.html). If a bill was introduced today, summary information about it can be found in Bill Status Today (http://thomas.loc.gov/bss/d110query.html).
An important phase of the legislative process is the action taken by committees. It is during committee action that the most intense consideration is given to the proposed measures; this is also the time when the people are given their opportunity to be heard. Each piece of legislation is referred to the committee that has jurisdiction over the area affected by the measure.
For more information on this step of the legislative process see Introduction and Reference to Committee (http://thomas.loc.gov/home/lawsmade.bysec/introtocomm.html) of How Our Laws Are Made.
Consideration by Committee
Public Hearings and Markup Sessions
Usually the first step in this process is a public hearing, where the committee members hear witnesses representing various viewpoints on the measure. Each committee makes public the date, place and subject of any hearing it conducts. The Committee Meetings (http://www.house.gov/daily/comlist.html) scheduled for today are available along with other House Schedules (http://www.house.gov/house/floor/thisweek.htm). Public announcements are also published in the Daily Digest portion of the Congressional Record (http://thomas.loc.gov/home/r110query.html).
A transcript of the testimony taken at a hearing is made available for inspection in the committee office, and frequently the complete transcript is printed and distributed by the committee.
After hearings are completed, the bill is considered in a session that is popularly known as the "mark-up" session. Members of the committee study the viewpoints presented in detail. Amendments may be offered to the bill, and the committee members vote to accept or reject these changes.
This process can take place at either the subcommittee level or the full committee level, or at both. Hearings and markup sessions are status steps noted in the Legislative Action portion of Bill Status (http://thomas.loc.gov/bss/d110query.html).
Committee Action
At the conclusion of deliberation, a vote of committee or subcommittee Members is taken to determine what action to take on the measure. It can be reported, with or without amendment, or tabled, which means no further action on it will occur. If the committee has approved extensive amendments, they may decide to report a new bill incorporating all the amendments. This is known as a "clean bill," which will have a new number. Votes in committee can be found in Committee Votes.
If the committee votes to report a bill, the Committee Report (http://thomas.loc.gov/cp110/cp110query.html) is written. This report describes the purpose and scope of the measure and the reasons for recommended approval. House Report numbers are prefixed with "H.Rpt." and then a number indicating the Congress (currently 107).
For more information on bills and resolutions see Consideration by Committee (http://thomas.loc.gov/home/lawsmade.bysec/considbycomm.html) in How Our Laws Are Made.
House Floor Consideration
Consideration of a measure by the full House can be a simple or very complex operation. In general a measure is ready for consideration by the full House after it has been reported by a committee. Under certain circumstances, it may be brought to the Floor directly.
The consideration of a measure may be governed by a "rule." A rule is itself a simple resolution, which must be passed by the House, that sets out the particulars of debate for a specific bill�how much time will allowed for debate, whether amendments can be offered, and other matters.
Debate time for a measure is normally divided between proponents and opponents. Each side yields time to those Members who wish to speak on the bill. When amendments are offered, these are also debated and voted upon. If the House is in session today, you can see a summary of Current House Floor Proceedings (http://clerk.house.gov/floorsummary/floor.html).
After all debate is concluded and amendments decided upon, the House is ready to vote on final passage. In some cases, a vote to "recommit" the bill to committee is requested. This is usually an effort by opponents to change some portion or table the measure. If the attempt to recommit fails, a vote on final passage is ordered.
Resolving Differences
After a measure passes in the House, it goes to the Senate for consideration. A bill must pass both bodies in the same form before it can be presented to the President for signature into law.
If the Senate changes the language of the measure, it must return to the House for concurrence or additional changes. This back-and-forth negotiation may occur on the House floor, with the House accepting or rejecting Senate amendments or complete Senate text. Often a conference committee will be appointed with both House and Senate members. This group will resolve the differences in committee and report the identical measure back to both bodies for a vote. Conference committees also issue reports outlining the final version of the bill.
Final Step
Votes on final passage, as well as all other votes in the House, may be taken by the electronic voting system which registers each individual Member's response. These votes are referred to as Yea/Nay votes or recorded votes, and are available in House Votes by Bill number, roll call vote number or words describing the reason for the vote.
Votes in the House may also be by voice vote, and no record of individual responses is available.
After a measure has been passed in identical form by both the House and Senate, it is considered "enrolled." It is sent to the President who may sign the measure into law, veto it and return it to Congress, let it become law without signature, or at the end of a session, pocket-veto it.
Blog Feeds
02-05 06:40 PM
One of the stumbling blocks in the behind the scenes negotiations to craft a bipartisan immigration reform bill that also has the support of business and labor unions has been a proposal to create a commission that would basically determine quotas for all employment-based immigration categories. The business community and many Republicans have expressed concerns that the commission would be politicized. Labor unions have not been compromising on this issue and that has caused delays in working out a final deal that will allow Senator Schumer to introduce his bill. According to journalist Jeffrey Kaye, however, a compromise may be...
More... (http://blogs.ilw.com/gregsiskind/2010/02/labor-appears-ready-to-compromise-on-commission-proposal.html)
More... (http://blogs.ilw.com/gregsiskind/2010/02/labor-appears-ready-to-compromise-on-commission-proposal.html)
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